Personality disorders Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personality disorders - Literature review Example s suffering from personality disorder risk obtaining therapeutic nihilism, distancing themselves from their patients, showing absolute rejection to their patients and they might consider their patients as unworthy of their services and resources. The research practitioner further indicates that the relationship between the professional health practitioners and their respective patients has lead to the ultimate decision of suicide. The health workers who are involved in the care and health administration of the people suffering from personality disorder tend to suffer from deaths that are unnatural particularly if they usually offend and intimidate their patients. The result of ill-treatment and intimidation from the social health workers towards their patient’s causes a break of trust and communication between the two parties and this can lead to uncontrollable despise (Smith & Sharp 1994). This research proposal is aimed at analyzing the differences that exists between the people suffering from personality disorder and the relevant medical practitioners that cater for these patients. From different analysis, it is quite evident that these medical practitioners require adequate encouragement in conjunction with positive empowerment for a proper outcome. This research proposal is also aimed at analyzing the different factors that are supposed to govern, promote and increase the positive attitudes of the social workers in ensuring that proper and sufficient care is given to the people suffering from personality disorder (Rutter, Giller & Hagell 1998). The backbone of this research is to illustrate and analyze the relationship that exists or has been inexistence between the people suffering from personality disorder and their medical advisors and on how the improvement between the two can be attained and achieved (Smith & Sharp 1994). The literature review that is illustrated and analyzed below indicates the occurrence, treatment and relationship status of the

A Successful Tourism Marketing Plan Tourism Essay

A Successful Tourism Marketing Plan Tourism Essay Jamaica is one of the greatest island to visit in the Caribbean. Surrounding Jamaica are other islands such as Cuba, Haiti, and Puerto Rico, but none of them can compare to this land of beauty. This wonderful country is 80 kilometers in width and 234 kilometers in length and contains about 4,300 square miles, making it the third largest island in the Caribbean. Some of the wonderful features that Jamaica posses are: reefs that are filled with natural wild live; beaches that have crystal clear water and white soft sand; a broad coastal plan; and mountains that are filled with greenery. It is important for a country to make people from all around the world be aware of the things it has to offer that cannot be found anywhere else so they are attracted to go there over and over again. Five tools or techniques that could be used by the Jamaica Tourist Board to effectively manage and market a destination such as Jamaica for visitors appeal. Jamaica is marketed using the AIDA principle. This is the process of influencing customer to visit destinations through marketing affords related to the AIDA principle. A- Awareness. I- Create an interest. D- A desire for your product. A- Action These are: Identify target market Market mix (price, place, promotions, products) Incentives Brand Ambassadors Product development 1) Identify target market- This means that the tourist board have to identify a specific target market, for which they are trying to sell their service to. For example, if they are going to target Eco-tourism, families, couples, inclusive tourism, and adventurous people, etc. With this clear objective of knowing who their target is, they can proceed accordingly. In any business, one has to figure out whom, why, what, how their target market is and focus on that group when they are marketing the destination and make it appealing and attractive. 2) Market mix- (price, place, promotions, products, people and planning) Price: make the price match the quality of service that is being offered. For example, the price should reflect on the service, infrastructure and experience. Therefore, it should not be costly to at a low end motel that has poor quality service, old infrastructure, no air condition in the rooms, and hot water available, etc. Place: the place should be easily accessible. As Jamaica being the destination targeted by North Americans, Canadians and Europeans, it can be accessible by land, sea, and air. Also, being cost effective and near proximity to North America, makes it Jamaicas biggest market. This is very important to tourists because they like countries that are easily accessible. Promotions: Jamaica can be marketed by using the above line promotion method- this is used in connection with advertising of the product/ service through the media. This can take the form of advertising via: television, virtual slides on the Internet, magazine, cinema, sales promotions, brochures/ leaflets, as well as public relations showing off what Jamaica has to offer. Products: the Jamaica Tourist Board would have to let the targeted destination know what Jamaica offers and what sets them apart from the other Caribbean countries. The other Caribbean counties also offer land, sea, sun, and resorts. The Jamaica Tourist Board would have to ask the question what makes Jamaica so different, and market it. For example, Jamaica is famous for its culture, known for the Great House of Annie Palmer Estate, Port Royal, Blue Mountain, coral reefs, having over a hundred and eight rivers, the famous Bob Marley king of reggae music and so on. People: the people of Jamaica should be welcoming to the tourist. This in particular employees, and managers of the resort, while maintaining the culture of the organization. Planning: the Jamaica Tourist Board should set clear objectives of what they hope to achieve. Therefore, asking themselves, what are we trying to achieve? For example- cut competition, enhance profits, etc. Incentives- This means a positive motivational influence, a selected hotel that tourist stays at will get appraisal. For example- buy a dinner over x amount and get a free meal; stay for five days in a luxurious suit and get two free night; visit in September to December 1st and get half price on rooms and so on. 3) Brand Ambassadors Using famous people to advertise the Jamaica destination. For example- using Usian Bolt as the face behind tourism. Images will be displayed showing Bolt relaxing, sipping Martinis on the north coast, shirtless, sun-bathing on the white sandy beaches, with the surrounding lush greenery of the mountains highlighted in the background. The image will also include illustrations of Rastafarians splashing in the ocean, shaking their dreads, and with female models passing in their two-piece bath suits, staring at Usian Bolt in awe. 5) Product development- enhances the infrastructure of the destination and the quality of service being offered by training staff in the customer care department. According to an unknown source, It is very important the needs for the destination be the focal point for any plan. This will determine the type of tourism that will be developed. SWOT analysis of the techniques used in question one. SWOT analysis means; S- strength, W- weaknesses, O- opportunity and T- threat Target market/market research- S- You will get to know the needs of your customers, so you know exactly what they want. You do not offer something that does not appeal to them. W- expensive to conduct research. People always know what they want but sometimes they are indecisive. O- Greater market share. T- It takes time and it is costly to do a market research. Market mix- S- People will know about the product. W- It cost money to create awareness about Jamaica and the things it offers. O-people who do not know they want it will buy greater market share. T- Builds expectation in people that the company cannot meet. This leave customer dissatisfied. Incentives- S- Its very attractive to people. W- If not managed properly can increase cost more than customer base and lessen profit. O- Encourage more shares. T- People get incentives without spending. Brand Ambassador- S- Increase attention about Jamaica. W- Only people who like the ambassador will be attracted. O- Increase market share. T- The person (Usian Bolt) personal life affects the company and also lack of money to carry out the activities. Product development- S- Better satisfactions, more customers, more profit. W- Cost. O- Greater market share. T- New developments do not meet customer needs. The value of a Tourism Marketing Plan and the processes involve in developing the plan Tourism Marketing Plan is an outline of a strategy that seeks to maximize the sale of a particular product or service. A Tourism Marketing Plan helps to minimize the risks associated with the launching of a new product, or service that consumers may not have any interest in. However, a Tourism Marketing Plan can be a written document containing a strict description and guide lines for an organization or destination, products, marketing strategies and programs for offering their products and services over the define planning period which is often a year. A successful tourism marketing plan includes Be honest about your market. For example, if you state that your destination has nine miles of beautiful white sand beach on the north coast, make sure when the tourist comes, its not two miles of white sand beach. This means, be honest when youre marketing the destination. Testimonials. For example, all negative and positive testimonials are important. This enables the developer of the destination to enhance the quality of service and make changes where necessary. Therefore making consumer happy while making a profit. Sell your strengths (sell the destination). For example, Jamaica possesses reefs, beaches and extensive coastal plan, surrounding a backbone of mountain traversing the length of the island latitudinal, the king of reggae music the famous Bob Marley, water falls (YS Falls Dunn River Falls), culture, history (the great Port Royal), historical buildings (The Great White House of Annie Palmer), sports (Reggae boyz), Jazz and Blue Festival, night life, Hedonism hotel, etc. Target major efforts to major market. For example North America, Europe, and Canada are Jamaicas major markets. North America is the top market for Jamaica, this is due to the fact it is in close proximity to the island, its cheap and it accessible by sea or air. Therefore, its safe to say that more money can be spent in North America to market the island. Focus on unique attractions. For example the sceneries, town, cities, villages, historical and heritage sites, theme parks, resort and hotels. The value of a Tourism Marketing Plan is how they will (a) develop the country (b) offer quality service to the guest and (c) manage the destination. The country can be developed by collecting more room taxes and departure tax from tourism, give potential investors initiatives to invest in the country, export more and reduce imports, educate the citizens, make business loans at a lower percentage rate and so on. In addition, this will allow the country to grow and eliminate poverty among the citizens. Furthermore, the standard of living will increase. Therefore, with all the taxes the government will be collecting, it will help in the creation of theme parks, attraction, eco-tourism, fixing of infrastructures, such as roads, bridges, buildings, etc. The quality of service offered to guests is very important because tourism is service oriented. The quality of service offered to guest should match the value of their money. For example, you cannot expect the same quality service of high end hotel verses a low end hotel. Nevertheless, whether its a low end hotel or a high end hotel the service should be good because this can reflect either negative or positive attribute on the organization, depending on the service the tourist received. The service attendance should be responsive and attentive to guest needs. Information should also be readily available and accessible for tourist. Entertainment should be accommodating a variety of genre. By managing the destination, there will be more tourists to the island and this will increase revenue for the government. Therefore, if the destination is managed well and promoted properly, there will be an increase of tourist arrival to the island. The tourists should feel safe and comfortable to explore the environs. With safety not an issue, there will be a high level of return visitors to the island. In addition, this will create jobs, reduce poverty, increase the knowledge of the citizens about the importance of tourism to the country, fixing and building of infrastructure, like roads, schools, hospitals, etc. Three processes involve in developing such a plan The three processes are: the mission statement, vision statement and the strategies, theses will be discussed below: Mission statement- The mission statement is aim at creating customer awareness about Jamaica. Increase sales with overseas partners. Increase use of new technologies Target visitors outside normal market Improve communication strategies Increase sales with overseas partners Vision statement- For Jamaica to be the number choice for vacation for all types of people around the world. Strategies- To create awareness of tourism in Jamaica, it would have to be promoted by the Jamaica Tourist Board (JTB). The JTB will inform the tourist/people about the hot spots on the island and market the island by advertising and promotion. The funding will come from the government. The government uses the money that they collect from room taxes, departure taxes and so on, to fund the promotion of the destination. Establish contact with a network of travel advisories to optimize efficiencies in accessing information. The Jamaica Hotel Tourist Association (JHTA) can be used to develop the hospitality industry and to represent the interest of its member in all forums. In conclusion, the value of a tourism marketing plan and the process involved in developing such plans are vital to the destination. Marketing the destination creates awareness, hence resulting in a high number of tourists to the island. The high levels of tourists will create revenue for government, in return will create jobs and alleviate poverty. External players and organization that assist the CVB with implementation of a Destination Marketing Plan and two economic significant of that assistance. Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO) Tourist Enhancement Funds (TEF) Jamaica Hotel Tourist Associations (JHTA) United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Jamaica Vacation (JAMVAC) The two economic significant that could asses in the implantation of the destination marketing plan is: the Tourist Enhancement Funds (TEF) and the United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). These two can help assist the CVB by helping save money or help financially. The Tourist Enhancement Funds (TEF) is a fund that is setup to advance the tourism project. They offer project tourism seminars, tourism training, etc. The TEF funds finance the programs. The TEF gets their money by charging all incoming visitors, ten dollars by air (plane) and two dollars by sea (cruise ship). This money is used to help develop man made attraction, enhance tourism experience, and eradicate poverty by employing citizens, both directly and indirectly. With the development of tourism project around the island of Jamaica, there will be a high influx and returning tourist to the island. The development and sustainability of man-made attraction will keep revenue and community standard of living stable. With the areas and attraction being properly kept, tourist will be more drawn to those areas. Therefore, the tourist will be enjoying themselves and scenery sites, learning about the people, the culture etc. Therefore, tourist will spread the experience they had in Jamaica, and this will create free advertising while more people become intrigue to visit the island. When tourists return home, they will share their experience with friends and family. This will make people wanting to visit the island. In addition this will create revenue for the government. The enhancement of tourism experience will help to promote sustainable development. Local communities must play a major role in defining, developing and managing the tourism experience so that they take ownership of the industry. The success of the industry depends on the visitors experience, so they much experience the best vacation they ever had. Planning should be bottom-up, not top down. With the citizens supporting tourism experience, the foreign currency will help boost the economy. Eradicating poverty is every countries main concern. Tourism is one of Jamaicas main source of income and the first choice of any Caribbean destination. Therefore, with the high influx of tourist to the island, either by air or sea, the tax associated with it can help to develop the infrastructure of the country, help in primary and secondary education, hospital equipment, research, security and so on. According to (McDonald, 2001) World Tourism Organization (WTO) is involved in the removal of barriers to tourism and the liberalization of trade in tourism services. WTO also contributes to improvement of tourism health and safety requirements and the development of measures to make tourism more accessible to the handicapped. Moreover, UNWTO setup regulations and advisory for CVB such as, the Jamaica Tourist Board. They go around different countries around the world to get information to assist countries in tourism development, tourism research and act as a lobby body/ power. The UNWTO get downers from various countries and companies around the world to fund the projects. Economically, the CVB would end up saving money to do research. In addition, the CVB ends up saving to do research because the UNWTO people/group end up doing the research for free. If the CVB did not have the UNWTO to lobby on their behave, it would cost them money to employee people/groups to travel around the world to gather information and create awareness about the Jamaican brand. Therefore, these create awareness to the world by offering free publicity. The UNWTO acts as a positive outcome due to the fact that the CVB did not have to do advertisement or any promotional activities. The UNWTO also find new and creative ways to find o ut new ways that Jamaica can be the premiere destination of the world by looking at how other top destination promote themselves. The economic assistance of the UNWTO allows for the removal of tourism barriers, and this helps with the free influx of tourism to the island. This in return allows more and more free flow of tourist to the destination. However, with this being done, the government will collect more and more revenue that will be used to develop the destination. Hence, with the attraction and security, tourists will be safer within the environment and the surrounding areas. With safety not an issue, the destination will have high return tourist rate to the island. With the great influx of tourists, room tax and departure taxes will be collected. In addition, with the tourism removal barriers, the economy will grow within the destination due to the fact that tourist can visit from around the world without wondering if they can visit the destination but knowing they can without having to have a visa. Conclusion Tourism is very essential for Jamaica because its the main economic contributor to the island. With new development and marketing style, using the AIDA principle (A- Awareness, I- Create an interest, D- A desire for your product and A- Action) with no dough, tourist will influx the island. When using a SWOT analysis (S- strength, W- weaknesses, O- opportunity and T- threat) it helps to look at all the things that could be a possible outcome, either negative or positive. Therefore, its important before venturing in a new business to do a SWOT analysis. A Tourism Marketing Plan is important, because it gives you a stand point. For example, where are you now? Where would you like to be? How do we get there? How do we make sure we get there? How do we know we got there? Hence, with this knowledge and questions applied based on the result you got, it will determine if the marketing plan process worked or not. For example, the; amount of visitors coming into the island, number of awareness in the market, increase in demand, amount of revenue being made, etc. Tourist Enhancement Funds (TEF) and the United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) are very helpful with the implementation of a Destination Marketing Plan. They both help the CVB by saving money and giving money to help develop and promote the Jamaican brand as a must see destination. With the implication of good tourism planning and development, tourism will be sustained within its destination for years to come. .

A Comparison of the Divine in Gilgamesh, the Old Testament of the Bible

The Divine in Gilgamesh, The Old Testament, and Metamorphoses       Along with different languages, customs and traditions, ancient Hebrews, Middle-easterners and Romans had very different beliefs about the divine. For example, Hebrews are monotheistic, while Middle-easterners and Greco-Romans of early time periods believe in many gods. Writings from the ancient time period sketch these differences, as well as the many similarities between religious beliefs. The Old Testament is an excellent reference depicting Hebrew beliefs, while Gilgamesh outlines many Middle-eastern beliefs, and The Metamorphoses shows readers many ancient Greco-Roman beliefs about the divine.    The Hebrew God as depicted in the Old Testament is omnipotent and omniscient. He creates perfect and harmonious order in the universe, as depicted in Genesis 1, "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the Earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters," (51) which was created by Him in six days (47), "Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made" (52).    Though the Hebrew God is all-powerful, He creates human kind to have free will (47). This free will can be seen in the story of Adam and Eve. Gods warns both Adam and Eve that they can eat anywhere they want, except from the Tree of Knowledge, and they do anyway (53). Along with free will came disobedience (47). The story of Jonah shows this disobedience when the Lord told Jonah to go to Ninevah to tell its inhabitants that they would be punished for their wickedness. Instead, Jonah decides to flee from th... ...rough inspection, because there are also many differences in the religions, such as how many gods citizens may believe in and what their powers are. However similar or different, these texts provide readers with insight into the different cultures throughout the world and offer a basis for the religions that are popular throughout the world today.       Works Cited    The Bible: The Old Testament. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall et al. Vol 1. 7th ed. New York: Norton, 1999. 47-97.    Gilgamesh. Trans. N.K. Sandars. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall et al. Vol 1. 7th ed. New York: Norton, 1999. 16-47.    Ovid. Metamorphoses. Trans. J.P. Sullivan. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Sarah Lawall et al. Vol 1. 7th ed. New York: Norton, 1999. 895-943.   

Music Education

Key Curriculum ElementsI believe teaching individuals about singing, playing instruments, moving, composing and listening is incredibly important, ranging from infants through to adults, but starting in early childhood would be most beneficial for long term benefits. These key elements contribute significantly in developing their music skills and knowledge; contributing to their education on a more broad scale (Broad, 2007 pg23); and/or assisting the student’s emotional/mental development. The difficulties that could be expected in the classroom when integrating the music curriculum into lessons could be students lack of wanting to participate (I can’t do it, I’m not good at music) due to fear of failure and/or embarrassment from low self esteem; participation levels of extroverted students in comparison to introverted students; or even a lack of concentration and maturity to handle situations. Other difficulties that might be a challenge may perhaps be the lack of funding to offer reasonable resources; insufficient time allocation to allow reasonable attention to the music curriculum; teachers/students having high expectations of their abilities and those expectations not being met; and there being a lack of space for students to move and experiment.Some potential solutions I can think of, to the difficulties I have stated above might be: ï  ¶ providing a safe and encouraging environment so students do not feel if they attempt something and it does not go as well as they wanted or they might think they have failed. Instead they receive encouragement and  reassurance that they haven’t failed or let anyone down, what they have now done is create something new and/or something they can learn from, lots of positive feedback from the teacher and other students; ï  ¶ encouraging small groups of 2-4 would help introverted students participate more.By having each child required to have a specific task in all group work, so each child can have the same participation level might help introverted students have more participation and extroverted students still have participation, yet not over-whelming the introverted students; ï  ¶ constantly evolving activities used in class to stimulate students learning and encourage active learning, encouraging lack of boredom.Scaffold information and skills starting from basics to attempt to develop a more mature level of understanding and knowledge base for students to be more comfortable; ï  ¶ the lack of funding to offer reasonable resources does not always have to be seen as a negative, it allows students to use their imagination and creativity to find alternate resources to complete the same task or similar tasks; ï  ¶ insufficient time allocation to allow reasonable attention to the music curriculum is always going to be a sad situation, but integrating the music curriculum into other KLA’s allows the students to be able to enjoy music and appreciate that mus ic can be incorporated into any situation in their lives; ï  ¶ unfortunately teachers/students will always have high expectations of their abilities and those expectations will not always be met.The best teachers can do is to not allow students to see when the students have not meet the expectations they had and when students do not meet their own expectations, the teacher needs to encourage the student to try again and learn from their previous experience; ï  ¶ a lack of space for students to move and experiment is a shame but, a classroom is not the only place that students can learn to create, they can do the basic or the foundation type work in a classroom and then move out into the playground or a hall. One of the best things about music is that it can be created; played; movement; and listened to anywhere there is a desire to enjoy/appreciate it.Some of the things I would hope to achieve in the classroom through the integration of the music curriculum are encouragement of the appreciation of music; knowledge of music and how it can impact ones life; how music can be integrated into everyday life; and no matter who you are you can sing, play instruments, move (dance), compose and listen to  music.Integrating Music into the CurriculumHSIE: This Is Me! (Early Stage 1)Activity 1 – Puppet Joe teaching the students a poem and some rhythm ‘The End’ with Puppet Joe, this will be explained in Lesson Plan 1 Activity 2 – Mirroring each other’s movements to musicThe students are paired off and allocated their own space in the room, standing up, they are facing each other. They will then listen to ‘What I Am’ by Will.I.Am. As they listen to the song, it will speed up and slow down. The students will need to adapt their movement to follow the tempo of the music, for example faster movements as the music speeds or slower movements when the music slows. Once they are able to adapt to different tempos, the music will c hange dynamics via getting louder and softer. The students will need to adapt their movement to follow the dynamics of the music for example larger movements when the music is louder or smaller movements when the music is softer.The students will take turns in leading the movements through each change. Once the song has played through, the students will have a few minutes to talk and create movements together for the tempo and dynamic sections of the song. The song is run through a second time and the students will move together to the music showing the movements they had worked on together. The students are then encouraged to talk through what they found was the best representation of the music when it would change dynamic and tempo. Did the music have repetition, a constant beat, similarities and differences? Time Allocation: 45 minutes HSIE: Celebrations (Stage 1)Activity 3 – Song – ListeningThe class is allocated into groups of 4-5 in their own spaces. Each group c hooses a cultural celebration from a box on the teacher’s desk (each cultural celebration is celebrated by one or more of the students in the class at home).Once they have all picked the activity, they are given a kit (which has been put together by the students prior to this lesson as part of the Celebrations unit they are studying). They will listen to the song that is part of the kit and discuss as a group the beat, pitch, tone colour,  duration, dynamics, tempo and structure of the song. They discuss what features appealed to them or those that did not. Time allocation: 45 minutes Activity 4 – Mirroring each other through rhythm and movement Mirror Me, this will be explained in Lesson Plan 2HSIE: Global Environments: Rainforests (Stage 3) Activity 5 – Visualising the MusicStudents are advised that they are required to produce a visual representation of the music they are about to hear. The class will talk about sounds and how they can represent their music visualisation. The students can, if they choose to, have different sections of the painting for different aspects they visualise with the music. For example, they can have 1 whole painting, 2 halves or 4 quarters, so they can show up to 4 different aspects of the music they are hearing. The class talks about what they are going to produce, it is not a vague impression rather a visualisation of what they believe that Rainforest looks like. Students will listen to a 2 minute excerpt from ‘Relaxing Mix’ by Calmsound.The excerpt of the song will be repeated 4 times with 4 minutes between each repetition and the students have 10 minutes after to complete their painting. After the allocated time, the class will have a discussion on the different aspects they visualised and what aspect of the music created that specific image, tone colour, pitch, tempo, dynamic? The paintings will be put aside once dry to be used in another activity on another day. Time Allocation: 60 minutes Activity 6 – Group composition of a soundscape from a rainforest painting Rainforest Soundscapes, this will be explained in Lesson Plan 3HSIE – ‘The End’ with Puppet Joe Lesson Plan 1 Activity 1 – Puppet Joe teaching the students a poem and some rhythm 1. Level: Early Stage 1 2. Goals: Students will learn the poem ‘The End’ by A. A. Milne. Students will be able to follow a beat/rhythm and accomplish co-ordinated movement. 3. Teaching materials 1. Puppet Joe 2. 2 x taping sticks for the beat 3. 1 copy of ‘The End’ poem by A. A. Milne (see appendix 1) 4. White board 5. White board marker 6. Coloured magnets for the white board 4. Learning outcomes: Musical activity Performing Singing (y) Playing Instruments (n) Moving (y) Organising Sound (n) Listening (y) Musical Concepts Duration (rhythm) (y) Pitch (y) Dynamics (y) Tone Colour (n) Structure (y) 5. Procedure1. Clear an area in the middle of the room and have students sit on the floor in their own space. 2. Teacher introduces Puppet Joe (a kookaburra puppet) and explains that Joe will help them learn a new poem called ‘The End’ by A. A. Milne (see appendix 1). 3. Start with Joe saying the first verse and then repeating the verse using his taping sticks he creates a beat (ti-ti ta ta, ti-ti ta ti-ti). The students then sing through the verse while tapping their knees or clapping their hands with the beat/rhythm. 4. Teacher writes the poem on the white board under bars and talks through the beats/rhythm and words, placing different coloured magnets for the ti-ti’s and ta’s.5. Each verse is then taught the same way, until the last 2 verses when the beat/rhythm is different (ti-ti ta ti-ti, ta ta ti-ti ta ta ta), ‘The End’ sheet music see appendix 2. Once the class has learnt the poem and the beat/rhythm, they then sing through the poem together. 6. The class then picks out a number from a box and the number allocate s the student to their group. In the group the students talk through what movement they think would be good for their verse and if they should use loud, soft, fast or slow speech/singing.7. The class sings through the poem together and then each group sings their own verse with their chosen movement. Then the class sings their section of the poem loud, soft, fast, slow or using a different voice without their movement. Then again mixing the movement and their chosen musical concept. 8. Ask the class if they have any suggestions about the structure, if they think it could be changed. Pick a couple of the suggestions and try them out, see if the class thinks they make the composition better or worse. As a class the student talk through the actions chosen by the groups and the musical concepts, whether they were applicable or not to their verse? Whether there was repetition in the beat/rhythm? What similarities and differences there was in the beat/rhythm?6. AssessmentSee appendix 3 fo r the assessment sheet. 7. Links to other subjects HSIE, Mathematics, English and PDHPE.HSIE – Mirror Me Lesson Plan 2 Activity 4 – Mirroring each other through rhythm and movement 1. Level: Stage 1 2. Goals: Students will understand how rhythm works and identify how the music changes resulting in their movements changing. Students will perform a number of rhythms and patterns in movement focusing on rhythmic correctness and co-ordinated movement. 3. Teaching materials1. IPod dock 2. IPod with Creation by Descendance Aboriginal & Tsi Dance Theatre on it 4. Learning outcomes: Musical activity Performing Singing (n) Playing Instruments (n) Moving (y) Organising Sound (n) Listening (y) Musical Concepts Duration (rhythm) (y) Pitch (y) Dynamics (y) Tone Colour (y) Structure (y) 5. Procedure1. Clear an area in the middle of the room. For this activity the students could even go into the school hall if it is available, to allow for extra space. 2. Have the student’s pa ir up and stand in 2 lines. Allocate the lines names – trees and grass. Have the students move away to their own area in the room/hall and face each other. 3. Talk to the class and advise that when a name (trees or grass) is called out the other student in the pair has to follow the other student. That students need to try movements they think would suit the music, fast, slow, loud and soft. What types of movements would best suit. If the students wanted to they could even represent Australian animals. 4. Start playing the song and prompt the students to listen at first. Then call out trees, as the students are comfortable in following (no less than 60 seconds), the teacher calls out grass. Alternating between the leader gets faster as the students learn to adapt faster.5. The teacher then increases the volume and decreases the volume to encourage alternate responses in the music. 6. At the end the teacher prompts the students to talk about what movements went best with which types of music? What types of movements did they use for the tempo, pitch, dynamics, tone colour? Did they prefer certain parts of the song more than others and why? Those students who represented animals, did they find it hard to choose movements and keep in character for the lesson? Was it easy for students to follow the leader? Was it easy to lead? Which did students prefer to follow or lead?6. AssessmentSee appendix 4 for the assessment sheet. 7. Links to other subjects HSIE, Mathematics, English and Science and Technology.HSIE – Rainforest Soundscapes Lesson Plan 3 Activity 6 – Group composition of a soundscape from a rainforest painting 1. Level: Stage 3 2. Goals: Students will create and perform a soundscape with the use of instruments, voice and movements from a painting of a rainforest. They will demonstrate their rhythmic abilities, co-ordination with movements, their ability to work in groups and ability to create a composition. 3. Teaching materials1. Pain tings from previous music lesson 2. Cardboard box 3. 5 x numbers 1-6 4. White board 5. White board marker 6. Coloured magnets for the white board 7. 6 x A3 sheets of paper with a blank grid on it. 8. Coloured pencils 9. Instruments – chimes, drums, triangles, xylophone, tambourines, etc 4. Learning outcomes: Musical activity Performing Singing (y) Playing Instruments (y) Moving (y) Organising Sound (y) Listening (y) Musical Concepts Duration (rhythm) (y) Pitch (y) Dynamics (y) Tone Colour (y) Structure (y) 5. Procedure1. Each student picks out a number (1-6) from a box and that shows which group the student is assigned to. On the white board the list of effects (see appendix 5) is written. Depending on which number the group is, depends on what the effect they will need to introduce into their soundscape. The rainforest pictures have been painted prior to this lesson from an alternate music activity. Each group chooses their favourite painting to create the soundscape from (o n condition that none of the students in the group painted it).2. The class has a discussion on what a soundscape is (a quick refresher) and what they need to cover when preparing for it (dynamics, tempo, pitch, tone colour, etc). The students are encouraged to create a story to at least start and finish the soundscape, they are welcome to have the story throughout the soundscape, eg the effect with the men with axes, they could have them laughing and talking, whistling, etc.The students are also encouraged to include movements if they can see it fits with their soundscape, eg in the gorilla congregation, they can have one or two students sitting like gorillas and making gorilla noises. 3. Each group receives an A3 sheet of paper with a blank grid (see appendix 6) on it and coloured pencils. The students choose the instruments they believe will get the best result for their soundscape and work on their composition which needs to include the allocated effect for their rainforest soun dscape. 4. Once the students have spent the allotted time creating the soundscape on the grid paper (see appendix 7) and practicing it.They will then perform as a group in-front of the class and demonstrate their soundscape. 5. Once all groups have finished performing for the class, there is a class discussion on the musical concepts used by each group and how they felt they related to the painting and soundscape? Did they find that each group included rhythm, tempo, pitch, structure, dynamics, tone colour and if they felt that the groups incorporated the assigned effect successfully? Did the groups that used storytelling as part of their soundscape find it easier/harder to follow the story being told? Did any of the soundscapes sound like they came from any particular cultures? 6. AssessmentSee appendix 8 for the assessment sheet. 7. Links to other subjects HSIE, English and Science and Technology.

Full Time Job Narrative Essay

I had just graduated from high school; a typical Santa Barbara local, with ambitions of attending SBCC. I always did fairly well in school, but was definitely more concerned with how the waves were breaking, instead how of my grades were. That all changed on June 15th. I got a call from a family friend asking if I would be interested in a summer job at a shipping warehouse in Carpinteria. My parents had been nagging me day in and day out to get a summer job, so this seemed so perfect. I accepted the job and my friend let me know I should show up at 7:30 Monday morning for my first day of work. That Monday morning, I woke up late and stumbled out of bed, threw on some clothes and was out the door with no time for breakfast. I will never forget that car ride down to Carpinteria, and the anxious feelings I felt in my stomach. My mind was racing in a million different directions and I really had no idea what I was in for. Pulling up to the warehouse, I remember the cold wind blowing across my face, the distinct smell of ocean heavy in the air, and the flapping of the State Park flags in the distance. The job description my friend gave me over the phone didn’t really stress how labor intensive it would be, so my first day I was in for quite a surprise. All day I was packing and carrying 60-70 lbs packages and not a minute went by where I didn’t regret taking my new job offer. Much to my surprise, my coworkers were all much older than me, and it was somewhat depressing to see people my parents and grandparents age doing such laborious work. One of my coworkers was an older woman named Maria, who sort of acted like the â€Å"mother† around facility. She didn’t speak the best of English, but despite that, we quickly became friends, and shortly thereafter Maria began giving me all sorts of advice and pointers she thought would benefit me in life. Once she found out how old I was, she asked what my plans for school were. I let her know school wasn’t something I was too worried about but that I would be attending City College in the fall. The look on her face was unforgettable. She looked back at me and said â€Å"Sammy, School is the most important thing in your life†. Maria went on to say â€Å"look around you; all these people have sad expressions on their faces. They didn’t have the opportunity you are blessed with. You need to realize school will lead you to a more successful and happy life. â€Å"That day on the drive home I looked out at the ocean and thought how nice it would be to have zero obligations anymore and just be able to hangout at the beach. It was at that moment that I actually realized that any dream is completely unachievable without vision, determination and hard work. After my three months were up, my mindset towards school had completely changed. Maria’s words burned into my head that -I no longer thought of myself as a lazy surfer who just wanted the bare minimum, but rather as a determined young student. School used to seem like an inevitable obstacle you had to endure, but now I truly see the importance and value of an education. While I admired the work ethic of the people I worked with in the warehouse, I know that through higher education, there is better future for me.

How to Make and Use Homemade Ant Bait Traps

How to Make and Use Homemade Ant Bait Traps To get rid of ants for good, you need to use a treatment that kills the entire colony, including the queen back in the nest. Dont waste your time squishing the ants on your counters because as long as the colony is actively nesting nearby, more ants will appear. Ant baits, whether homemade or commercial, are the treatment of choice for eliminating kitchen infestations. Ant-killing bait combines a desirable ant food with a pesticide. Worker ants carry the food back to the nest, where the pesticide works on the entire colony. You can make an effective ant killer using boric acid, a low toxicity pesticide available in hardware stores and pharmacies. Identify the Ants Before you make and use homemade ant bait, youll need to confirm which type of ants you have. Ants that youd find in your kitchen usually fall into one of two groups: sugar ants or grease ants.   From an entomological perspective, theres really no such thing as sugar ants. People use the term sugar ants to describe any number of ants that happen to like sweets. Depending on where you live, your sugar ants may actually be Argentine ants, odorous house ants, pavement ants, or some other kind of ants. Grease ants, also referred to as protein-loving ants, prefer proteins or fats over sugars. This doesnt mean they wont eat sweets, but theyre more interested in food with some protein content in it. Grease ants include little black ants, big-headed ants, and pavement ants, among others. To determine which kind of ants you have, do a taste test. Put a teaspoon of jelly and a teaspoon of peanut butter  in the area where you see the most ant traffic. Tape down a piece of waxed paper, or use a paper plate, and apply the bait on the paper or plate to avoid smearing jelly or peanut butter onto your counters or floor. Next, determine which type of baits the ants prefer. If they went for jelly, make a sugar ant bait. Ants that prefer peanut butter will respond to a protein-based bait. Now youre ready to make your homemade ant bait. Ingredients: Break Out the Borax Whether you have sugar or grease ants, boric acid is an effective, minimally toxic pesticide that you can use to create effective ant-killing bate. Both boric acid and sodium borate salts are derived from the element boron, which occurs naturally in soil, water, and rocks. Boric acid is a low-toxicity pesticide, but that does not mean its nontoxic. Virtually any substance can be harmful or fatal if used improperly. Read the label carefully, and follow any directions or cautionary information on the boric acid package. You can purchase boric acid at your local pharmacy or hardware store. Its commonly used as an antiseptic or mixed with water for use as an eyewash. To create a homemade ant killer, youll need to purchase borax in a powder or granule form. How to Make Homemade Ant Killer Use either of the following methods, depending on what kind of ants you have: Sugar ant bait recipe:  Mix 2 tablespoons of mint jelly with about  ¼ teaspoon of boric acid powder. Research suggests that mint jelly is the best sugar ant lure, but you can also try another jelly flavor if you dont have mint jelly in your fridge. Grease ant bait recipe:  Mix 2 tablespoons of peanut butter, 2 tablespoons of honey, and about  ½ teaspoon of boric acid powder. Protein-loving ants respond best to a bait made of both protein and sugar. Use and Application Place your ant bait in an area where you see ants the most. You want the bait to be somewhere along their regular travel path. Use masking tape to secure a square of waxed paper or cardboard, and place the ant-killing mixture on it. If you chose a good location and prepared the right kind of bait, youll probably find ants swarming around the bait within a few hours. If you dont, try moving the bait to a different location. How It Works Boric acid works primarily as a stomach toxin on ants. The worker ants will carry the bait food, loaded with boric acid, back to the nest. There, the ants in the colony will ingest it and die. The boric acid seems to interfere with the ants metabolism, although scientists arent exactly sure how it does so. Sodium borate salts affect an insects exoskeleton, causing the insect to desiccate. Tips and Warnings Keep children and pets away from the ant bait mixture. Although boric acid has low toxicity, you dont want your dog or cat licking up the bait, nor should you allow children to come in contact with it. Store the boric acid and any extra bait mixture where children and pets cannot access it. You will need to replace the bait regularly with a fresh batch, as the ants wont be interested in jelly or peanut butter once it dries up. Continue putting out bait until you no longer see ants. Sources Ant Baits: A Least Toxic Control, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, accessed May 1, 2012Boric Acid (Technical Fact Sheet), National Pesticide Information CenterMaking Your Own Ant Bait, Michigan State University Extension (General Fact Sheet)Boric Acid, National Pesticide Information Center (PDF)Sugar Ants, Washington State University Extension

AS Biology Coursework

AS Biology Coursework AS Biology Coursework Below is a short excerpt from an AS biology coursework written on the topic of biological species. The topic is rather broad and serves as an introduction to a narrowed research. Reading the following biology coursework sample, pay special attention to the sentence structure, use of terms, and format. writers are online 24/7 to help you with your coursework writing assignments. Moreover, our free writing blog is full of excellent sample essays and papers. If you need an expertmotivation coursework just follow this link: Species represents a biological balance, and an individual is also a balance or system in equilibrium. Within a species itself, individuals are similar but not identical. The differences are called variations, and when numbers of individuals exhibit the same variation they form a variety. A variety is distinguished from a race because the latter has greater constancy, whereas the former fluctuates in general and tends to disappear, whilst individuals showing such variation engender a line which continues over a larger or smaller number of generations and becomes approximated to the specific type. This is what Galton in 1889 termed "filial regression." Specific characters do exist representing a middle term, and on one side or the other of this average, we find variations which arithmetically follow Gauss's Law, or the Law of Mean Errors of the Calculus of Probabilities. This can be confirmed by taking the more distinctive characters. Thus height, weight, colour of eyes, basic intensity of metabolism, pulse, blood pressure, and so on. In species other than the human we can take for instance the weight of certain seeds, the height of a plant, the number of vertebrae in certain fish, and so forth. The graph showing such variations quantitatively is called a "Galton's curve," and demonstrates that individuals showing typical average characters of the species are the most numerous, whilst divergencies above and below such average diminish in proportion to the degree of variation of the character from the average type. Thus, for instance, the height of individuals: there is an average height, a distinctive feature for each species and t his will be the height of the majority of specimens. There are taller individuals and shorter ones, and the numbers of these outsiders decreases as their height differs more and more from the standard. There is furthermore, as we have repeatedly mentioned, a tendency to revert to the specific standard. Short parents and tall usually have offspring whose height is different from their own and more or less in accordance with the variance of the parents from the average standard. In all of these cases the tendency for "reversion to type," to "balance" in the species, is evident. There may well exist primitive species with a certain degree of stability, fairly constant in form, such as those distinguished by Jordan in 1848 as between the plants and the midpoint of the limits of a Linnaean species. Thus, for instance, in Viola tricolor, Jordan distinguished several dozen various species, independent and stable as regards the transmission of their characters through the seeds: with large, small and middling blossoms respectively identifiable through particular features of the component parts of the blossoms, seeds, and so on. AS Biology Coursework Writing Service AS biology coursework can be a pleasure for some students while it is a real nightmare for the rest. As a result, thousands of students turn to professional coursework writing service offered at our site to get help with their challenging assignments. Our biology writers are able to write customized (written from scratch) coursework on a wide array of topics. We guarantee no plagiarism and no copy/paste! Only original writing! Read also: Expository Essay Essay Writing Tips English Essay Writing Outline Conclusion Writing Cold War History Essay

Average SAT Scores Over Time 1972 - 2018

Average SAT Scores Over Time 1972 - 2018 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT scores for the past few years have shown a marked decline, particularly since 2006, which can be attributed to various causes. In this article, we provide you with some charts showing the average SAT trends from 1972 to 2018 as well as the variation in SAT scores by ethnicity. Average SAT Scores for Past Years: 1972-2018 First off, here is a chart of the SAT averagesfrom 1972 to 2018 so that you can see the overall trends in SAT scores throughout the years. All data is taken from the 2016 College Board Total Group Profile Report, the 2017 report, and the 2018 report. Year Math Critical Reading Writing Year Math Critical Reading Writing 1972 509 530 - 1996 508 505 - 1973 506 523 - 1997 5 505 - 1974 505 521 - 1998 512 505 - 1975 498 512 - 1999 5 505 - 1976 497 509 - 2000 514 505 - 1977 496 507 - 2001 514 506 - 1978 494 507 - 2002 516 504 - 1979 493 505 - 2003 519 507 - 1980 492 502 - 2004 518 508 - 1981 492 502 - 2005 520 508 - 1982 493 504 - 2006 518 503 497 1983 494 503 - 2007 514 501 493 1984 497 504 - 2008 514 500 493 1985 500 509 - 2009 514 499 492 1986 500 509 - 2010 515 500 491 1987 501 507 - 20 514 497 489 1988 501 505 - 2012 514 496 488 1989 502 504 - 2013 514 496 488 1990 501 500 - 2014 513 497 487 1991 500 499 - 2015 5 495 484 1992 501 500 - 2016 508 494 482 1993 503 500 - 2017* 527 533 1994 504 499 - 2018* 531 536 1995 506 504 - - - - *The old SAT had three main sections: Math, Critical Reading, and Writing. Since theSAT's massive redesign in spring 2016, there are now two main sections on the test: Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW), the latter of which is a combination of the Reading and Writing sections. Now, here's historical SAT test data for different ethnicities. The scores below are the combined mean scores for the Critical Reading and Math sections (for 2017 and 2018, scores shown are the means for the EBRW and Math sections combined). Demographic of Test Takers 2007 Scores 20 Scores 2015 Scores 2016 Scores* 2017 Scores* 2018 Scores* American Indian or Alaskan Native 981 972 963 939 963 914 Asian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander 1092 12 23 31 (Asian American) 870 (Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander) 81 (Asian) 986 (Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander) 52 (Asian) 948 (Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander) Black or African American 862 855 859 855 941 919 Mexican or Mexican American 921 917 905 - - - Puerto Rican 913 904 905 - - - Other Hispanic, Latino, or Latin American 922 913 906 901 (All Hispanic, Latino, and Latin American) 990 (Hispanic/ Latino) 1005 (Hispanic/Latino) White 1061 1063 1063 1061 18 1077 Other 1009 1010 1009 1015 03 (Two or More Races) 1044 (Two or More Races) No Response 977 944 926 952 961 875 Sources: 2007 Report,20 Report, 2015 Report, 2016 Report, 2017 Report, 2018 Report *Note the changes in ethnic categories for the 2016-2018 reports. SAT Score Trends: Discussing the Numbers What the SAT charts above show us is that the scores vary greatly depending on how the College Board structures the test and organizes its scoring. The years of study thata student engages in matter. The more years of secondary education someone has completed, the better her average score on the SAT will be. Higher GPA also correlates with higher SAT scores. Generally, Critical Reading (now called Reading on theredesignedSAT) has taken an overall decline, whereas the Math score has risen slightly over time. There are of course small fluctuations throughout the years, but the overall trend is clear. There are also notable gaps in the performances of students from different socioeconomic and ethnic groups that show no signs of closing. ACT scores, unlike SAT scores, have remained relatively more stable over the past several years. Though they, too, have shown similar variations in numbers, it hasn’t been as bad as the SAT numbers. On the other hand, they do show differences based on the ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds of the test takers. Due to the nature of the test or due to different demographic profiles among test takers, from 2006 to 2016 overall average SAT scores fell a total of 34 points, down in each of the three sections tested. (You'll notice a sharp increase in section scores in 2017, but this is partly due to the SAT's massive redesign; thus, we won't be able to use these scores for our comparison until more years use the redesigned SAT format.) According to the demographics table, from 2007 to 2015 the average scores for white students stayed about the same. Similarly, mostother groups witnessed no change or decreases from 2007 to 2015. Asian Americans experiencedthe biggest positive change of all groups during this time frame: a staggering 31-point increase in mean Critical Reading/Math scores. (Note, though, that before 2016, Asian Americans were combined with Pacific Islanders.) Access to quality education, not ethnicity, might explain a significant portion of the racial gap. This can includevariations based on whether the student completed a core curriculum or not, and whether they had access to SAT prep. In 2014-2017, more students took the ACT than the SAT; this trend reversed in 2018, with over 2.1 million students taking the SAT (compared to 1.9 million who took the ACT during that same time period). Many students believe that the SAT doesn't accurately reflect what is taught in schools today. The decision to institute changes to the SAT in 2016 may have beendue to this disparity between what is taught and what is tested; it could also have beendue to the loss of market shares to the ACT. Critics say that the SAT measures a student's background and access to resources (including test prep) more than it predicts a student's likelihood of success at the college level. Actually, those two points might correlate because the students that receive this sort of help are also more likely to receive the support they need in college from their families. While it’s true there is variation in scores with respect to race and income, it is still something that can be overcome by the student with both dedication and practice. What’s Next? Struggling with a low SAT score? Check out our series of articles on the how to improve your scores on the SATMath, Reading, and Writingsections. Shooting high on the SAT? Check out our series on how to get perfect scores on the SAT Math, Reading, and Writingsections,written by a perfect scorer. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Biological system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biological system - Assignment Example Another category of devices, know as, Ventricular assist devices (VADs) use model-based control to make required adjustment for changes in patient needs. This reflects on the fact that these devices are related to automation and control. The article reflect on the health care or medicine industry. Different controls and sensors have been used for each device. For the artificial pancreas linear and nonlinear proportional-derivative (PD) algorithms to emulate the naturalistic biphasic insulin secretion profile. Advanced control technologies have been, including variations on PID control, run-to-run control and model predictive control. Control and manipulated variables differ from device to device as all devices are used for different reasons and are also based on different models. The articles highlights the issue of ventricular assist devices. Although high-level physiologic control is a promising technology a thorough research is required to understand how to control the speed of the pump and in response to what sensors. The paper reflects on the gap between engineers and clinicians. It shows that engineer can contribute and are highly contributing to the health care industry. With the help of automation and control, many traditional issues have been overcome and have caused an advancement in the field of biotechnology. Areas under research have given a glimpse of hope for many hopeless individuals and families suffering from different disease. Even though so much advance has and is taking place, they are many barriers that are causing resistance to the advancement. Not only are these barriers to be overcome but also different ways of improvement are to be sought. Those which are known should also be implemented. From a regulatory point of view, during development the centre of focus shouldn’t be the drug but the device. This is because opting to focus on the device usually leads to a shorter pathway of

Thesis of both Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thesis of both Essays - Essay Example The necessity of such respect is the thesis of her essay â€Å"Respect for Life†. Wildness should exist and be protected. In the essay Jane describes the experience she gained studying chimpanzees. Goodall calls for protection of animals, chimpanzees in particular. She wants all the people to know that these animals are in danger and this danger is caused by the lack of respect for animals. People are too selfish and take care only about themselves and other humans forgetting about other living organisms, which exist on the planet. The study of chimpanzees proves that they also have the divisions into cultural groups and their way of life is very close to the life of humans. â€Å"My thirty years working with chimpanzees has taught me humility: we humans are not after all, set apart, separated from the rest of the animal kingdom by unbridgeable chasm† (Goodall). Goodall not simply states that we should take care about animals, but provides facts based on her valuable ex perience. She calls not for protection based on sympathy, but for protection based on respect. Edward Abbey in his Eco-Defense wants to draw attention to threat and offers the ways to overcome it. He provides the list of possible threats and addresses rich individuals asking to defend the wildness. Wildness should exist and be protected. The author presents an example. He asks us to imagine our actions in case if anybody penetrates our house. â€Å"If a stranger batters your door down with an axe, threatens your family and yourself with a deadly weapon, and proceeds to loot your home of whatever he wants†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Abbey). In this case humans have a right to defend themselves by calling the police, applying to court, etc. There are many ways humans can defend themselves with. But what about the nature? If humans penetrate the Mother Nature’s territory and destroys it, our nature also should have a right to defend itself. The environment is changing and this

How smoking affect in your health (CLASSICAL ARGUMENT) Essay

How smoking affect in your health (CLASSICAL ARGUMENT) - Essay Example Many people look out for long-term effects of smoking; however, there are also short-term health implications on smokers. Short-term effects of smoking on health cover such aspect as an increase in heart rate, a drop in skin temperature as well as increased respiration rate of the smoker. Other immediate effects of smoking might also include diarrhoea and vomiting may occur especially in novice smokers. Many smokers feel that by smocking, there central nervous system becomes relaxed but the health experts report the opposite as research has shown smoking stimulates the central nervous system (Andreassi 425). Additionally, health effects of smoking concerns the negative implication it has on the digestive system of the smoker especially being linked to gastric and duodenal ulcers, which are twice likely to be the cause of death for smokers than non-smokers. These health implications are also experienced on the healing ability of skin wounds with smokers having a reduced ability due to depletion of vitamin C from the body (Foulds, Delnevo, Ziedonis and Steinberg 429). Long-term effects of smoking are more fatal than the short-term ones with cancer and cardiovascular diseases being more common health implications of smoking. Health statistics indicates that smoking among the deadly causes of cancer infections in the world with about 90 percent of new lung cancer cases being related to smoking (Hou 115). It is estimated that an average smoker has a higher chance of up to ten times of getting lung cancer compared with a non-smoker. This figure implies that smoking is responsible for more cancer related deaths than other causes with statistics indicating a 30% contribution in all cancer deaths. Even as lung cancer continues to be the deadliest disease caused by smoking, there are other types of cancers such as that of the bladder, mouth, colon, throat, pancreas, cervix, kidneys and,

The Chrysanthemums and A Jury of Her Peers Essay

The Chrysanthemums and A Jury of Her Peers - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in the world of literature, every author begins the creative process differently. Some start by creating a desired perception in their work by using unique and captivating settings to capture the attention of the audience. Through this choice of style, they can explore and show their audience the world in which they are going to place their characters. All of these approaches to writing are correct and accepted in writing, however; there are issues that must be observed to make any piece of literature to be considered a masterpiece in the field of writing. The setting of a story conveys characters and themes in a novel differently depending on the nature and type of the setting. These can be illustrated using these two novels chrysanthemums and A Jury of Her Peers. Close analysis of the chrysanthemums reveals that the story takes place in the Salinas Valley during the month of December at Henry Allen’s property located on the fo othill. Immediately we meet characters who depict a rural setting just in the preliminaries of the novel. The women are isolated in their own world and the men portray strength and are manlier than ordinary men are. Elisa’s husband rides on a range while Elisa herself is confined to her house and only works in her flower garden. The setting of the novel conditions her character and makes her behave rural like. Looking at the themes the rural setting of the story brings out the issue of oppression of women and freedom.

Module 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 1 SLP - Essay Example The nominal value of the company’s shares is $ 0.001 but with the immense growth displayed the company over decades the company’s share price has grown significantly and it is presently $97.06 (as of June 2, 2014) Following is the trend of the share price observed on the day of recording the company’s share price. Above figures prove that the company has been growing each year. Hershey has not just improved its figures but it has excelled in its operational efficiency as well; in 2010, the ratio of income to sales was 8.9% against 2013 when the ratio value was 11.50%. Price/Book ratio indicates high anticipations by the market related to the company performance. The high return on assets of 16.68% is accompanies by high return on equity of 59.75%. Theses return ratios indicate that the company has successfully executed the strategy of gaining high returns. This makes it more attractive for public offering because high returns are more attractive for investors. Such high return rates are supported by underlying efficient operating and profit ratios of 19.06% and 11.56%. The difference between operating and profit indicates that company has fewer overhead/administrative costs, which are only because of its cost minimization techniques. As per Hershey’s annual report, the company is simultaneously investing in more than five countries on research and development for the betterment of its production processes so that the quality and costs could be improved. In addition to this, the company has decent market share despite huge competitors in th e market. As discussed above, Hershey is an advancing company, which is sustaining against tough competition in the market. In spite of the growth over the period of the years, it has still not become the market leader. It only has market capitalization of 21%. If more funds are injected into the company, Hershey will definitely gain more

General Project Description - Technology Research Paper

General Project Description - Technology - Research Paper Example They cannot compete with others to excel in academics if they do not learn the use of computer and its programs and softwares. Even the vast majority of tests they are required to pass to prove their eligibility for higher studies are computer-based. The contemporary business is heavily dependent upon technology (Martinez). Be it planning, scheduling, accountancy, auditing, progress-tracking, management of product distribution channels, or advertisement of the product or service, everything is accomplished with the help of softwares, online or broadcasted programs on the television and/or the Internet. The positive impacts of society’s dependence upon technology include improved efficiency, improved performance (Carte), improved communication, and reduction of time in the accomplishment of tasks in all fields. The negative impacts of society’s dependence upon technology include increased violence, new ways of bullying and blackmailing, reduced safety and security, and increased exposure to risk (â€Å"We Are Detrimentally†). In the contemporary age, one who is not well-versed with the use of technology is outdated and lacks competence to compete with the rest of the world. Apart from the aforementioned uses of technology in the academia and industry, society’s dependent on technology in other fields including traveling and recreation cannot be overemphasized. Dependence on technology has yielded both positive and negative results for the society. A research conducted by CourseSmart and Wakefield Research suggests that students have become very dependent on technology. Use of E-books, laptops, and mobile phones for educational purposes has increased a lot. The positive outcome of this is increased awareness of the students regarding their performance in the class. Despite the immense usefulness of technology in business, the importance of sustaining old practices and processes cannot be overlooked since these

Module 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 1 SLP - Essay Example The nominal value of the company’s shares is $ 0.001 but with the immense growth displayed the company over decades the company’s share price has grown significantly and it is presently $97.06 (as of June 2, 2014) Following is the trend of the share price observed on the day of recording the company’s share price. Above figures prove that the company has been growing each year. Hershey has not just improved its figures but it has excelled in its operational efficiency as well; in 2010, the ratio of income to sales was 8.9% against 2013 when the ratio value was 11.50%. Price/Book ratio indicates high anticipations by the market related to the company performance. The high return on assets of 16.68% is accompanies by high return on equity of 59.75%. Theses return ratios indicate that the company has successfully executed the strategy of gaining high returns. This makes it more attractive for public offering because high returns are more attractive for investors. Such high return rates are supported by underlying efficient operating and profit ratios of 19.06% and 11.56%. The difference between operating and profit indicates that company has fewer overhead/administrative costs, which are only because of its cost minimization techniques. As per Hershey’s annual report, the company is simultaneously investing in more than five countries on research and development for the betterment of its production processes so that the quality and costs could be improved. In addition to this, the company has decent market share despite huge competitors in th e market. As discussed above, Hershey is an advancing company, which is sustaining against tough competition in the market. In spite of the growth over the period of the years, it has still not become the market leader. It only has market capitalization of 21%. If more funds are injected into the company, Hershey will definitely gain more

Social policy in theory and practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social policy in theory and practices - Essay Example Nevertheless, this functionalist view of the relationship between economic policy and social policy does not clarify the general inclination to give more importance to economic policy than social policy (Walker &Wong, 2009). This essay analyses the relationship between social policy and economic policy in terms of Keynesian and Monetarist economic ideas in relation to welfare. Theoretically, there should not be any inconsistency or disagreement between economic policy and social policy if the latter approves and supports the economy. Nevertheless, in reality, social policy is generally viewed as a hindrance to economic development; it is viewed as pulling out economic resources and spending them on noneconomic activities (Kesselman, Krieger, & Joseph, 2009). Basically, social policy does not possess an independent and rightful sphere; it is considered to be a ‘poor person’s economic policy’ (Moroney & Krysik, 1998, p. 231). However, the state has a natural obligation to make sure that its social policy and economic policy are not conflicting. For this reason, once a welfare state is founded the rationale of its activities starts to work. The citizens become used to taxation and tend to view social policy as an integral part of social institution in highly industrialised or developed economies. On the contrary, citizens in pre-welfare s tates are less likely to recognise or allow taxation because of the absence of confidence in state agencies and the absence of actual experience or knowledge of the advantages of a welfare state (Walker & Wong, 2009, p. 1). In such circumstances, social welfare is commonly limited to the poor or substantially dispossessed by reason of charity. Regardless of the form of taxation (e.g. income tax, excise tax, etc), the capacity of the state to financially support its political and social activities relies on the capacity of the private sector to produce, invest, and accumulate

Scottish Traditions And Cultures

Scottish Traditions And Cultures This is my English assignment on Scotland. I am going to talk about the history of Scotland, the culture and traditions of Scotland and about the Sports in Scotland. The Culture and Sports are very close but I think they have to be explained a part. I hope you and myself learn from this assignment and have fun with reading. (As long you can have fun)The history of Scotland. The land that now forms Scotland was in the prehistory part of the continent that now forms North-America, so Scotland isnt really part of Europe but a part from Laurentia. During the last interglacial, around 130,000 and 70,000 BC, Europe was warmer than now and the Neanderthals found that there was a mild spell in Scotland around 40,000 BC so they settled in Scotland, but no traces of early humans have been found. After 40,000 BC Britain was torn apart by glaciers and Scotland wasnt inhabitable any more. After 9600 BC the ice retreated and Scotland could be inhabited again. In 8500 BC there were hunter-gatherers in Scotland and several settlements have been found and the first permanent settlements were found in around 3600 BC. In 2500 BC the Bronze Age entered Scotland and there has been found some hill forts from probably 900 BC which shows us that the people in Scotland were quite good in building settlements and monuments. Around 800 BC the Iron Age entered Scotland and till th e invasion of Roman Empire Scotland was a peaceful inhabited by Celtic tribes. This was a short summary of the prehistoric history of Scotland but no written records were found till the invasion of Scotland buy the Romans, now Im going to talk about the Roman Invasion of Scotland and what happened after that. England was invaded by Julius Caesar in 54 BC but Scotland fought more than 100 years later because Caesar couldnt get to Scotland. In AD 43 Britain was invaded again and they lost a few battles giving ground to the Romans. Agricola was the first one who attacked the people in Scotland itself and he got quite far but even though he had to let Scotland go after he didnt got re-elected for being the governor of Scotland. In 122 AD the Romans tried to protect themselves from the attacks of the Caledonians by the famous Hadrian wall. The Hadrian wall was started by governor Hadrian and ended six years later to protect them for the raiding tribes. The Romans tried to build a second wall to conquer more land called the Antonine wall but broke it off because it was unnecessary. When the Romans retreated from Britain in 407 AD Scotland of now was set in 4 parts with each part its own king and people. They were the Picts, the Scots, the Angolans and the Britons. In 563 AD Saint Columbanus, a monk, came to northern Scotland and Christianity spread rapidly. In 843 the Picts and the Scots united under king Kenneth MacAlpines reign in Alba (later Scotia). The weird thing was that the Picts just threw their culture away to take the Scots culture. The Angolans went south to England and the Britons lived in the lowlands and since 890 the Vikings lived in the western Isles and operated from there their attacks on Scotland. The next kings and queens were crowned on the stone of scone (stone of destiny) in scone. In 1034 under Duncan I his reign Scotland was united except the parts of the Vikings. In 1040 Duncan I was killed by Macbeth, who got beaten by Duncan I his son Ma lcolm III. In 1066 England was defeated by William the Conqueror and in the years after that, Malcolms son David I Scotland conquered a part of north England. After that till 1268 Scotland started to grow economically and culturally. In 1268 Alexander III died and with no follower than 3 year old Margaret, forced Scotland to crown Margaret as queen. In 1290 Margaret died and not less than 13 men said they had right at the throne. But Edward I of England called David I as king of Scotland. David I and France started an alliance against England. As response on this Scotland lost parts of the lowlands to England . In 1290 Robert I tried to recapture them and In 1320 Scotland was announced as independent country by Robert I but England didnt recognized this declaration till 1328. From 1371 till 1603 there were some conflicts with England and Scotland tried to increase their relation with France and it all happened under the reign of the Stuart family. The last Stuart king was Henry V wh o got the throne in 1603 but he made so much trouble with his lust for power that he had to flee to northern England, and caused a civil war in 1642. The civil war was won by Oliver Cromwell with his New Model Army. He called England, Ireland and Scotland as one republic without a monarchy. But in 1660 Cromwell was dead already and Charles II came on the throne. James VII followed him when he died but was set off by the parliament and Willem of Orange was called to be king of Britain with his wife Mary. James V fled to France but some of the Scottish were still faithful to James VII (the Jacobites). The Jacobites on 27 juli1968 Willems army lost a battle from the Jacobites. In 1702 Anne followed Willem as queen of Britain but the parliament was determined to keep the Stuarts of the queen. So they parliament went to Sophie of Hannover the granddaughter of James VII and they told Scotland if they accepted her they would get trading privileges. But England and Scotland had to reunite i n one parliament. In Scotland there were some riots but in 1707 the offer was accepted and Scotland wasnt a state anymore and had no parliament. Economically it was a good case for Scotland but there were still people especially highlanders who wanted the Stuarts as kings and queens. Charles Edward Stuart was a grandson of James VII and he started a war with his Jacobites against England in 1745. But in 1746 he got defeated after the battle of Culloden and had to flee to Italia. After this battle it was forbidden to wear any skirts, play bagpipes and the clans were not allowed to exist anymore. They switched from livestock-farming to sheep cultivation and potatoes were the most important food in the highlands. When the potato harvest went wrong loads of people went to America (not the VS) and the big cities for work and food. This was a period of grow in economics, literature and culture so Scotland changed in the 18th century from one of the poorest countries in Europe to a normal economically growing land. In 1999 many years later Scotland got its own parliament again. It counted 127 seats in the parliament these are the partys who got seats: 47 Scottish National Party, 46 Scottish Labour Party, 17 Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party, 16 Scottish Liberal Democrats, 2 Scottish Green Party, 1 independent

A Thousand Days, in so many words :: Essays Papers

A Thousand Days, in so many words Any writer presented with the daunting task of chronicling such an emotional figure as John F. Kennedy, while being personally and professionally involved in his administration is bound to either fail miserably or succeed brilliantly. Schlesinger seems to have done both. While setting out to impart the happenings, demeanors, exchanges, and truths regarding the period Kennedy was in office, Schlesinger alternates between objective analysis and outright apology (Document, 55). This lends the book’s attempt to report and editorialize the events of Kennedy’s administration through personal observations to become overly sympathetic and occasionally lends a sense of personal catharsis to the work. In fact, Schlesinger himself notes as such in the opening pages â€Å"This work is not a comprehensive history of the Kennedy presidency. It is a memoir by one who served in the White House during the Kennedy year† (ix). However, in the opinion of Graber this was s een as one of the best analyses of the Kennedy White House of the 90 or so which came out after the assassination in Dallas (1). This fact that the author was an integral piece of the events he is recording allows for much direct quotation of the subject and those around him. Likewise he depends upon memory, interviews, or conjecture to complete some dialogue or moments where he was not present. While not unusual in the research of a chronicle, several critics found that this inability of Schlesinger to remove himself from his subject leads to a tendency to â€Å"†¦magnify his own role in the shaping of policies and the making of decisions† (Graber, 55). However, this is not to say that the author does not use primary examples of the president’s statements to support his account. In dealing with the Berlin imbalance Kruschev was causing the administration, Kennedy is quoted as saying, â€Å"I think we need to smile less and be tougher† lending credibility to the remainder of the account and Kennedy’s role in it (406). This use of direct quotes lends an air of presence to the text that might otherwise be lacking as well as allowing a more solid character reference to be built in the mind of the reader, and for that the book gains strength.

Computer Crime :: essays research papers

According to term computer crime means Criminal activity directly related to the use of computers, specifically illegal trespass into the computer system or database of another, manipulation or theft of stored or on-line data, or sabotage of equipment and data. There are many ways to commit computer crime. Some examples of computer crime are: 1) Accessing a computer, system, or network. 2) Modifying, damaging, using, disclosing, copying, or taking programs or data. 3) Introducing a virus or other contaminant into a computer system. 4) Using a computer in a scheme to defraud. 5) Interfering with someone else ¡Ã‚ ¦s computer access or use. 6) Using encryption in aid of a crime. 7) Falsifying e-mail source information. 8) Stealing an information service from a provider. Over the last twenty years, a technological revolution has occurred, as computers are now an essential element of today ¡Ã‚ ¦s society. In the world of computers, computer fraud and computer crime are very prevalent issues facing every computer user. Computers without any means of security are vulnerable to attacks from viruses, worms, and illegal computer hackers. A definition of computer crime has changed over the years as the users and misusers of computers have expanded into new areas. When computer were first introduced into businesses, computer crime was defined simply as a form of while-collar crimes committed inside a computer system. Computer crimes are hard to define, because the term is not subject to a precise definition, and it requires vast amounts of computer knowledge to understand how and why it happened. If we defined the term "computer", it means an electronic, magnetic, optical, electrochemical, or other high speed data processing device performing logical, arithmetic, or storage functions, and includes any data storage facility or communications facility directly related to or operating in conjunction with such device, but such term does not include an automated typewriter or typesetter, a portable hand held calculator, or other similar device. Computer crime laws in many states prohibit a person from performing certain acts without authorization, including others listed above. To prevent computer fraud and computer crime the government had to take a few steps. In 1974, they passed a simple Federal Privacy Act of 1974. A decade later, the computer crime was increasing rapidly, the government amended the acts and made it a federal crime. In the summary of the Acts, they are as follows: „à  Federal Privacy Act of 1974: Goes further that the Freedom of Information Act in that it requires that individuals be able to correct federal information about themselves, by requiring that agency information not be used for alternate purposes without the individual's consent.

My Leadership Style Essay

According to the leadership assessment, I am more of task-oriented leader than a people-oriented leader, though I scored high in both areas, therefore I have a healthy balance of both which is important for a leader in any company. My leadership style allows me to get my work completed in an organized fashion, while being open to other ideas; I can focus on the small projects while continuing to see the big picture or vision. Because I score higher on the task-oriented side, I can be more autocratic in my thinking. This will limit my ability to show my apathy for my staff and employees Furthermore, I am also a transformational and charismatic leader. I am most effective in smaller organizations that have direct interactions with my staff. According to Robbins, this helps to make me effective as a leader, which will give a company â€Å"low turnover, higher productivity, lower employee stress, and burnout, and higher employee satisfaction.† Furthermore, Robbins shared that this leadership style is not effective with those who are â€Å"highly individualistic and do not readily cede decision-making authority.† Since I am able to communicate with my staff the expectations, visions ad engage my staff, I also have a Charismatic leadership style. I continuously focus on the end goal, big picture and tie that big picture to the work of my staff, making it attainable to my staff. One of the major downsides to charismatic leadership is that it can be situational, according to Robbins. Role in Company The role I would like to pursue within the company is that of a managerial supervisor. According to Robbins, organizations need strong leadership and  strong management for optimal effectiveness. I feel that because I have leadership and managerial traits and characteristics, I would be a great candidate for that particular role. In a managerial supervisory role, I am a direct leader. I work directly with my staff on a one-on-one basis and in a team format; I will have more influence directly on my staff. As the managerial supervisor, I am able to support, recognize, develop, plan, and coach/mentor my staff while monitoring, setting goals, and overseeing day to day operations. This is evident because of my healthy balance of task and people orientation. Leadership theories applicable to my leadership approach The Big Five Trait Leadership Theory is applicable to my leadership approach because research has shown that the big five personality factors are strong indicators for job success and performance. I scored high in the areas of extroversion and conscientiousness. The positive factors about scoring high on conscientiousness’s is that overall, those with high marks in this area have better job performance and those are more reliable, thorough, organized, angle to plan, and persistent according to the assessment. These traits are consisted with those of task-oriented leaders. However, the Leadership Substitute Theory would be counter indicated for the areas of subordinate, task, and group/organizational characteristics. This is because my staff could need little direction from me as their supervisor if they have extensive experience. Also, when staff repeats their task over and over, they become proficient and don’t need feedback, but are building their own motivation. As a task-oriented, transformational, and charismatic leader, I would struggle more with staff who are more independent or did not work well in the group. I like to give freedom to my staff, but my style makes it necessary to know what is going on in the jobs at all times. Conclusion My leadership style is transformational, charismatic with my main focus on task-oriented management. I work hard to inspire my staff, while also meeting deadlines. I focus better when I’m working with a team rather than individuals who do their own thing. Research has shown that my leadership style is an asset to many companies if utilized in the right way. This is why I would like a position that allows me to shine, take the lead of a team, while focusing on the companies â€Å"big picture.† References Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Yuki, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations (7th Ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Sony Strategy Analysis

SONY Strategy Case Analysis Executive Summary Sony is currently faced with the problem of low operating margin and stagnant market share in the videogame console industry. PlayStation3 of Sony is competing with Xbox360 of Microsoft and Wii of Nintendo. Despite the high technology, Wii outsells PlayStation in the market. This shows that the traditional strategy of Sony based on hardware should be reviewed according to the new trend. Considering gradually increasing market size and harsh competition, Sony should invest more on creating new customers and software. AnalysisAfter experiencing the five or six cycles defined by advancement of underlying technology, there are currently three main competitors in the videogame industry: Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo. The PlayStation of Sony and the Xbox360 of Microsoft can be characterized by high technology and interoperability with other electronic products. Meanwhile, the Wii of Nintendo emphasizes innovative and user-friendly capabilities such as wireless motion-sensing controllers. Therefore, the Wii could appeal to more widespread customers such as senior people including traditional gamers.Based on enthusiastic reactions to Wii, the leading market share of PlayStation in the prior generation is replaced by the Wii of Nintendo. As of 2008, the Wii substantially outsells the two rivals. According to Five Forces Analysis, Sony has been faced with the following characteristics in the game industry. Suppliers: The bargaining power is relatively high since videogame console makers outsource the manufacturing of console. Also, they need the support of game developers. In this respect, the one of the main reasons why the PlayStation and PlayStation 2 could succeed as a new entrant would be the supplier-friendly strategy of Sony.Sony took the policy to license any PlayStation software as far as it does not clash with hardware. Also, Sony provided third-party developers with various development tools and soft libraries. Buy ers: Compared with past customers who could enjoy the limited game console suppliers, current customers could enjoy the various types of game platforms. Also, based on the high technologies, the games for every age or demographic are coming out to the market. Therefore, game console makers should ensure as many customers as possible to enjoy the economy of scale in the increasing market size.This gamer-friendly environment results in the high bargaining power of customers. Regarding customer-based viewpoint, Sony failed to captivate the people from all levels. Even though PlayStation software is targeted at a more mature audience, PlayStation of Sony has been usually used by the traditional gamers of young age. Threat of new entrants: In the game industry, the possibility of new entrants to succeed is very slim because new platform based on high technologies requires high cost and risk.Therefore, small or medium sized companies are very difficult to finance R&D and marketing. Also, it is very difficult for new entrants to find game developers. Three giant companies (Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo) overwhelmingly dominate the market of videogame console and there exists a big entrance barrier. It is the reality that a small company cannot help being pushed out by three major companies. Since Sony got into the game industry, the biggest threat of new entrants would be the appearance of new contender, Microsoft, in 2001.Threat of substitute products: There exists the high possibility of substitutes from other industries. Personal computers or mobile handheld devices could be the potential substitute of videogame consoles. The reality is that many people are enjoying games using other devices such as I-Phone or I-Pad over time. In addition, consumers don’t have to bear the additional cost when they change from game consoles to other substitutes. Considering the high diffusion rate of personal computers or mobile devices, potential substitute products could be hi gh threat to selling game consoles.Positioning among current competitors: Definitely, Sony is the major entity in the game console market. However, the market situation is not so bright as the past over time. As a new entrant in 2001, Sony could get a huge success through giant money, high technology, stylish design and support of game developers. However, Sony is now suffering from negative operating profit and turned over the status of top maker to the Wii of Nintendo. So, Sony needs to set up new strategies in the videogame industry. RecommendationFirst of all, Sony should broaden customer scope from traditional gamers to the general public. Game industry is still growing although the attractiveness is waning over time. Sony is trying to position the PlayStation as the ultimate hub for digital living room. However, the people are still not familiar with PlayStation and consider it just game machine. Therefore, Sony needs to enforce the marketing for family-friendly game console m aker. The one of the main reasons for Wii’s success is that Nintendo targeted the niche market that other competitors have ignored.Nintendo focused on the general public with the easy and simple game consoles instead of expensive and complicated ones. Wii contributed to letting the public general realize the fun of game. Now, Sony needs to leverage the opponent’s assets as a Judo Strategy as Sega did in the past. If the family-friendly image is added to the high technology of Sony, the PlayStation could appeal much more to the general public. Lastly, Sony needs to more invest on its software. Sony has been focused on the product itself based on high technology and attractive design.As Nintendo makes high margin based on the customer-friendly software forgoing high price of console, Sony needs to broaden available games for PlayStation. A wide range of Adult users could bring new Blue Ocean of profits. Utilizing the advantages of PlayStation, the high technology and int eroperability with other electronic devices, Sony could set up the new digital hub replacing TV and Computer at home. To do this, above all, Sony should establish the affluent in-house software associated with developers as Apple make additional profits through various apps.

Bank Supervision in Nepal Essay

Banks are the pillars of economy in real capitalistic market of a nation. They are prime sources of investment that play vital role in mobilizing resources to an optimum level in business world. The role of banking sector in economic growth and stability requires continuous and reliable service. In Nepal, Nepal Ratra Bank (NRB) is only an authorized body responsible for the monetary regulation and supervision of all banks and financial institutions licensed by it. It regulates price and balance of payments stability, manage liquidity, develop a sound payment system, and promote financial services and financial stability of the nation. The use of information technology (IT) by financial sector creates numerous challenges of managing and governing it in today’s context. Issues of tackling with changes in technology, migrating system from one to another, maintain adequate internal control system and managing other IT related risks are emerging in banking sector. Frauds through debit and credit cards, ATM, internet banking, mobile banking have increased the risk of financial loss along with other banking risks. Technology risk is not only concerned with operation risk of the bank, other banking risks like credit risk, reputation risk, compliance risk, market risk, strategic risk are also increased due to it. In this scenario, there must be a guideline to regulate sound and robust risk management technology that strengthens system security, reliability, availability and business continuity. Banks licensed by NRB should maintain the prescribed level of capital fund while opening branches only at prescribed locations. Every NRB reports submitted by bank should be transparent and must be properly reviewed and verified by NRB. Credit information bureau of every client must be recorded and submitted to the concerned authorities for any credit or loan functionalities. To defend illegal users from accessing banking system, it is essential to well educate customers to conduct banking operation securely. Similarly, it is also important to educate other stakeholders including its employees to create effective information security practice. Summarizing up, NRB being an apex body, it should seriously pursue various policies, strategies and actions to maintain the stability in price and consolidate the balance of payments for sustainable development of the economy of Nepal. The increasing complexity of IT in banks creates significant risk to which comprehensive risk management comprising of various standard internal control framework, bank’s own requirement and NRB requirement must be implemented. To ensure effectiveness of implemented control framework and adequacy of the adopted security plan and procedures, banks should conduct Information System (IS) audit annually. They should clearly provide information about the services, cost, security features, risk and benefits of electronic banking environment.