Advantages, Disadvantages, and Roles of International Mergers and Essay

Advantages, Disadvantages, and Roles of International Mergers and Acquisitions - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that acquisitions refer to a process in which a company transfers the control operations and management to another company and of becomes unit of the acquirer. Acquisitions are run by the same name of the company, which has greater financial power in terms of stocks and shares. Mergers refer to the operational and management combination of two firms to create a new legal firm. Two merged firms lead to increased core strength and operational synergy, which position them on an international market. Mergers and acquisitions provide a potential feature to leverage superior organizational capabilities, enhance market power, reduce costs, and access complementary resources. A number of M&As theories and concepts have been developed such as empire building, disciplinary and synergistic, hubris hypothesis, and market power gain, which are not mutually exclusive because a firm can decide to gain market power and at the same time focused on building an empire. According to Ferreira, Santos, Almeida, and Reis, firms have diversified reasons for implementing the M&A including possible contributions of becoming global firms through attaining synergy value, better international market position, and broader market access. AT&T is a multinational firm that offers telecommunications services. Recently, the company acquired Direct TV to form a firm that would cater for a new telecom and television needs as well as developing the company into and global organization offering telecommunication services to China, United States, and the rest of the world. Synergistic M&A framework compromises of managerial, financial, operational, and market power market topologies. International mergers and acquisitions are associated with various advantages linked to the M&As theories, which also play as the key drivers towards a company’s breakthrough in the international market. Â  The advantages range from the financial aspect of the workforce t hat contributes towards the achievement of international goals set by the firm. Some advantages to the buyer (acquirer) may be the disadvantage to the seller and vice versa.

Multinational firms are a force for progress‟. Discuss Essay

Multinational firms are a force for progress‟. Discuss - Essay Example That is exactly what we will be discussing in this paper. Let us first see what a MNC really is. According to D. H. Robertsons â€Å"Multinational corporations are a substitute for the market as a method of organizing international exchange. They are islands of conscious power in an ocean of unconscious cooperation† (Hymer,S. 1994). They are powerful organizations whose power commands most countries and governments. Now my question is that how can that be a wonderful thing, when there is no one to protect you interests. It in layman term means ‘survival of the fittest’. But what happens to those who don’t have the strength that others have. Well they are doomed. In the long term as well as short term. So is that a good thing. If you are one of the weak would you be happy about this? In this research paper I am going to outline, as stated by Margaret House, the costs MNC’s incurs for Developed/Advanced nations and Developing/Underdeveloped nation. I am going to outline the implications MNC’s has on the world as a whole. First let us look at the terms Developed/Advanced nations and Developing/Underdeveloped nations. Developed countries are those nations having an elevated level of development in regards to GDP, Industrialization, Human development index, etc. In other words countries which are economic super powers like the Japan, United States in North America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, most of Europe, etc. (United Nations, 2009). On the other hand developing economies  are nations that posses low levels of material well being. Countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Mongolia, Zimbabwe, Mexico, etc. (United Nations, 2009). Now moving on to the diverse effects MNC’s is bound to have. First let us see what effect MNC’s will most definitely have the on jobs in developed economies. As it is well known that the cost of

Realist Law and Order Liberalism versus Optimistic, Market Liberalism Essay

Realist Law and Order Liberalism versus Optimistic, Market Liberalism - Essay Example d restriction of government rights with the help of the society that has the power to remove those leaders who are unable to act according to the social contract (Vaughn 311–326).Thomas Hobbes alludes occurrence of conflicts in the society to antagonism and rivalry that result in the attack of others for selfish interests so as to receive praise and protect their reputation among their friends, colleagues and the society (Hobbes 264). He further argues that even when human beings lived in a state of nature they still experienced a lot of suffering therefore the presence of rulers and rules would help alleviate the suffering. This paper therefore explores the social contracts postulated by both Locke and Hobbes and tries to examine the manner in which they are both attributed to the development of social liberalism. The paper will therefore explore the various postulates put forward by both Locke and Hobbes and examine the various weaknesses and strengths evident in each of the social contract theories and the challenges that are likely to occur as a result of the social contract theories. According to Hobbes, man is not a social animal by nature. He argues that the society is incapable of surviving on its own, it has to be supported the authority of the state. This is contrary to Locke who believes that a human being is a social animal by nature. According to Hobbes, in the natural state human beings are open and autonomous hence have the right to do whatever they want and are not accountable to anyone. This right is a basic moral fact, rather than any duty people have to do according to a law. The priority of individual right reflects our separateness, our lack of moral ties to one another. According to Hobbes, one consequence of this is that the state of nature is a â€Å"war of all against all†: human beings are naturally at war with one another. Individuals create societies and governments to escape this condition. Society is not natural to man, but is the

Methods of Teaching and Assessment in Higher Education in the U.K Essay

Methods of Teaching and Assessment in Higher Education in the U.K - Essay Example Generally, teachers and research professionals make available time tabled classes and independent works for a sizeable amount of time based on the course. Independent learning programs play significant role in current education system in U.K. It has often been identified as promoting international standards for educational programs. Independent learning programs ensure more responsibility from the part of students and they also help students to practice effective time management (Quality Improvement Agency). Therefore, independent learning programs and teaching methods are essential for higher education classrooms for international standards. Direct and lecturing methods of teaching also bestow considerable assistance for students in their researches and they ensure desirable learner outcome and academic development among the students from U.K. Education professionals in U.K strongly advocates the implementation of learner centered education programs. Because of this they have design ed teaching methods with the backgrounds of learning theories. Conventional or traditional methods like lecturing, work place training, seminars and group discussion play vital roles in the field of higher education program in United Kingdom. Lecturing permits the students to get up-to date information about their prescribed topics. Seminars and problem solving methods in higher education class rooms help the students to improve personal skills and gain better understanding. All these teaching methods keep an eye on providing quality education for all and methods like seminars and group discussions help the students to acquire knowledge from various sources. Duke Maskell and Ian Robinson inform that â€Å"More whole class teaching will produce nothing but more classes taught as a... This paper approves that process of assessment demands higher level of accuracy and it plays a significant role in education process. Choice of assessment methods are mingled with the overall objectives of the program. In higher secondary level, it contains the systematic development of various disciplinary skills such as problem solving, observation, and creative thinking among the students. Students prepare assignments, essays, portfolio, open book examinations, dissertations and project works related with their prescribed subjects. Methods of problem solving and developing plans include various activities like work-based problem, group work, case analysis and preparing enquiry report and conference programs. This essay makes a conclusion that it is evident that innovative teaching methods and assessment techniques in universities provide sufficient academic development for students. Higher education programs in U.K. practices various teaching methods which included the elements of both traditional and modern teaching methods. Effective assessment methods are developed through the support of various learning theories like cognitive theory and constructivism. Existing teaching methods and assessment programs satisfy students’ requirement. Various fields of higher education in U.K. like language and literature, professional education, electronics and communication and healthcare provide international standard for its curriculum as well teaching and assessment methods.

Position Paper on Mountaintop Coal Mining in Appalachia Essay

Position Paper on Mountaintop Coal Mining in Appalachia - Essay Example Therefore, mountaintop coal mining should be reviewed if the cultural heritage and the welfare of the Appalachia communities are to be preserved. This paper explores the impacts of mountaintop mining on Appalachia, impacts that enforcement of regulations by the EPA might have on the future of coal and the extent of reliance on this particular source of coal as well as the opportunities the industry might have moving forward. The Impacts of Mountaintop Mining On Appalachia Socioeconomic Impact Coal mining in Appalachia remains an important contributor to the economy of Appalachia region providing thousands with jobs. However, the disadvantages connected with mountaintop removal coal mining in the region far much outweigh the benefits. Mountaintop removal means no jobs for underground miners and is a huge barrier to the development and diversification of the economy of the Appalachia region. The residents of Appalachia also suffer the highest level of socioeconomic disadvantages. These socioeconomic disparities have been closely link with the impact of coal mining in the area (Hendryx 9). Coal mining in Appalachia perpetuates poverty in the region. ... n Appalachia remains a major contributor of underdeveloped infrastructure, deformed landscape, poorly educated population, chronic ailments among residents and the inability to focus on sustainable businesses (Hendryx 10). Communities near mining sites where mountaintops are blown up are often exposed to strong flash floods. Mountaintop removal mining practice remove trees on steep slopes, which makes water to flow freely from the slopes into the valleys making it dangerous for individuals who occupy those areas. Impact to General Health Appalachia is amongst the unhealthiest palaces to be in the United States. â€Å"Appalachian population experiences higher rates of chronic illnesses compared with the nation as a whole† (Ludke and Obermiller 56). Communities in Appalachia frequently suffer from heart diseases, diabetes, cancer and lung diseases, which are all linked with mountaintop mining. Mountaintop removal mining approach in Appalachia has direct and indirect connections to health issues in the area. Numerous health researches conducted in Appalachia have indicated the adverse impacts of mountaintop removal mining. For instance, one study by Gregory J. Pond indicated that over 90 percent of 27 Appalachian streams were impaired in accordance with Clean Water Act standards. In the same study, it was established that none of the ten streams sampled from none mine areas were impaired (Holzman A478), which indicates the dire consequences of mountaintop removal coal mining in Appalachia. Human health in Appalachian Mountains where mountaintop mining takes place has been deteriorating over the years. The washing of coal requires the use of approximately sixty chemicals including heavy metals, which are intrinsically available in coal. Heavy metals such as lead are known

Genetically Modified organism uses and applications Essay

Genetically Modified organism uses and applications - Essay Example GMO has far and wide many uses and applications. The technology used in GMO is called modern gene technology (Lee, 2008). Genetic engineering has led to the development in pharmaceutical and medicinal drugs technology. Many organism that are of medicinal significance haven been developed in bioreactors rather than in the field. This has so far diversified the cultivation of an organism in the reactors. Example of the organism: Chlamydomonas rehardtii (alga) and Physcomitrella (moss). The diversification has led to a great monitoring in order to get the desired results on time. Important researches in the establishment and development of treatment of different diseases and ailments have applied other genetic models to come up with modified drugs. Genetic engineering in agriculture has fetched some of the best output (Ciola, 2005). There is increased yield per unit area, reduction in production cost, enhanced composition of nutrient, resistance to diseases and pesticide, enhanced nutri ents, food security among others. There has been also advancement in crops that matures faster in harsh climatic and weather conditions that would not have otherwise matured (Lee, 2008). In the same regard, the number of animals has fetched better prices in the market due to the increased production and also resistance to diseases such as foot and mouth. A good example is the salmons which have grown at a very faster rate. In addition, soil salinity has affected many parts of the world in all agricultural aspects. This has led to poor growth, and in some cases the crops have fail to grow. For instance San Joaquin Valley is an example of diverse effect of salinity. GMO research will produce crops tolerant to saline condition such as mangrove in agricultural plants. A Mangrove gene (Avicenna marina) has been implanted into tobacco plant thus resisting salt, and other ionic stresses (Ciola, 2005). Global population has been increasing tremendously, and this has resulted to food shortag e and famine with conclusive statistics of one child dying in every two seconds worldwide. These deaths emanate from starvation without taking into account people who are very poor and undernourished. There is a need to embrace genetically engineered technology not only to the farmers, but also to the societies worldwide to produce better crops in the shortest time possible with the greatest output (Lee, 2008). Research on insects has been an area of concern and importance in equal measure, in the quest to curb and control parasitic diseases. For instance, development of GM mosquitoes has been made to represent SM1 protein, which prevents the passage of plasmodium (malaria parasite) into the gut of mosquito. This leads to the interruption of its cycle and makes it resistant. GM mosquitoes being released into the environment may eradicate transmission of malaria without using harmful chemicals such as DDT (Koch et al, 2010). Transgenic animals have genes introduced through transfecti on gene called transgenic. Introduction of DNA segmentation is integrated into the animal cell. This phenomenon is applicable to various organisms and it is often called transformation. Rabbits and mice are some of the transgenic animals. Mice are often preferred to other animals because it has favorably disposed gestation period, estrous cycle, producing several offspring per pregnancy, vitro fertilization and also availability

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Relations - Essay Example Each of these actors behaves in a certain way when they participate in international politics both individually and together. International relations comprises of the study of the behaviour of these actors (Mingst, 2010). There have been many key issues in the last 25 years that have been very significant with respect to international relations. This paper discuses two main issues, namely, armed conflicts and human rights. The paper describes why these issues have been very significant when it comes to international relations. It also identifies the major sub-issues, developments, controversies and problems regarding the issue. The paper also points out how the two issues have been linked to each other in international relations and then proposes possible solutions or resolutions to the issues. Armed Conflicts Armed conflicts across the globe have been one of the most significant issues that have affected the whole world. It has been the most important issue when it comes to Internat ional Relations. ... t of the armed conflicts in the recent times, mainly in the Middle East, have been internal conflicts which have been triggered due to issues of religion, ethnicity, identity and possession (competition) of resources. Mineral and oil wealth has been one of the main reasons for armed conflicts. On the international front, global terrorism has lead to major armed conflicts. One of the most prolonged armed conflicts has been the Israel-Palestine conflict. It will be discussed in detail later. An armed conflict leads to numerous sub-issues and problems. It has a profound effect on the population of the region. It becomes a major hindrance to the development of the region. The resources that could have been invested in the developmental activities such as education, business development, tourism, etc are diverted towards developing armaments. The direct and most immediate impact of armed conflicts are the disruption of food supplies, loss of human life, psychological distress, gender-base d violence, physical injuries, health hazards, etc. The effect that armed conflict has on children is very damaging as it influences their emotional, physical and mental development. These issues and problems become an interest of international politics. Global powers and organizations such as UN are required to resolve the issues and restore world peace. Global economic relations are also affected by armed conflicts as they affect trade, tourism, etc. International relations of numerous countries are affected by armed conflicts as questions of support and interests are raised. An example of this is the troubled alliance between US and Pakistan as a result of differences on support to Afghanistan and Taliban. Hence, armed conflicts anywhere in the world are very sensitive and gas an effect